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2-Dimethyl aminoethanol
Scientific Name: DMAE
Other Names: 2-Dimethylaminoethanol, Deaner, Deanol, Dimethylaminoethanol, Dimethylethanolamine

References

Alphs L, Davis JM. Noncatecholaminergic treatments of tardive dyskinesia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1982;2(6):380-385.

Amsterdam JD, Dubin W. Huntington's Chorea and dimethylaminoethanol (deanol). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1978;39(7):626-628.

Casey DE. Mood alterations during deanol therapy. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 1979;62(2):187-191.

Casey DE, Denny D. Deanol in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1975;132(8):864-867.

Casey DE, Denney D. Pharmacological characterization of tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 1977;54(1):1-8.

Ceder G, Dahlberg L, Schuberth J. Effects of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) on the metabolism of choline in plasma. Journal of Neurochemistry. 1978;30(6):1293-1296.

Curran DJ, Nagaswami S, Mohan KJ. Treatment of phenothiazine induced bulbar persistent dyskinesia with deanol acetamidobenzoate. Diseases of the Nervous System. 1975;36(2):71-73.

Davis KL, Hollister LE, Vento AL, Beilstein BA, Rosekind GR. Dimethylaminoethanol (deanol): effect on apomorphine-induced stereotypy and an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 1979;63(2):143-146.

de Montigny C, Chouinard G, Annable L. Ineffectiveness of deanol in tardive dyskinesia: a placebo controlled study. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 1979;65(3):219-223.

Dimpfel W, Wedekind W, Keplinger I. Efficacy of dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) containing vitamin-mineral drug combination on EEG patterns in the presence of different emotional states. European Journal of Medical Research. 2003;8(5):183-191.

Ferris SH, Sathananthan G, Gershon S, Clark C. Senile dementia: treatment with deanol. Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 1977;25(6):241-244.

Fisher MC, Zeisel SH, Mar MH, Sadler TW. Inhibitors of choline uptake and metabolism cause developmental abnormalities in neurulating mouse embryos. Teratology. 2001;64(2):114-122.

Fisher MC, Zeisel SH, Mar MH, Sadler TW. Perturbations in choline metabolism cause neural tube defects in mouse embryos in vitro. FASEB Journal. 2002;16(6):619-621.

Fisman M, Mersky H, Helmes E. Double-blind trial of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1981;138(7):970-972.

Flood JF, Smith GE, Cherkin A. Memory retention: potentiation of cholinergic drug combinations in mice. Neurobiology and Aging. 1983;4(1):37-43.

Gragnani A, Giannoccaro FB, Sobral CS, et al. Dimethylaminoethanol affects the viability of human cultured fibroblasts. Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery. 2007;31(6):711-718.

Grossman R. The role of dimethylaminoethanol in cosmetic dermatology. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2005;6(1):39-47.

Haubrich DR, Gerber NH, Pflueger AB. Deanol affects choline metabolism in peripheral tissues of mice. Journal of Neurochemistry. 1981;37(2):476-482.

Haug BA, Holzgraefe M. Orofacial and respiratory tardive dyskinesia: potential side effects of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol)? European Neurology. 1991;31(6):423-425.

Jameson HD, Blacker HM, Fuchs ME. Hemiballismus-hemichorea treated with dimethylaminoethanol. Diseases of the Nervous System. 1977;38(11):931-932.

Jope RS, Jenden DJ. Dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) metabolism in rat brain and its effect on acetylcholine synthesis. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1979;211(3):472-479.

Jus A, Villeneuve A, Gautier J, et al. Deanol, lithium and placebo in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. A double-blind crossover study. Neuropsychobiology. 1978;4(3):140-149.

Klawans HL, Topel JL, Bergen D. Deanol in the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Neurology. 1975;25(3):290-293.

Klonne DR, Dodd DE, Pritts IM, et al. Dimethylethanolamine: acute, 2-week, and 13-week inhalation toxicity studies in rats. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1987;9(3):512-521.

Kostopoulos GK, Phillis JW. The effects of dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) on cerebral cortical neurons. Psychopharmacology Communications. 1975;1(3):339-347.

Laifer S. DMAE. The smart supplement. Life Extension. November, 2004. 4 pages.

Leung H-W, Tyl RW, Ballantyne B, Klonne DR. Developmental toxicity study in fischer 344 rats by whole-body exposure to N,N-dimethylethanolamine vapor. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 1996;16(6):533-538.

Lewis JA, Lewis BS. Deanol in minimal brain dysfunction. Diseases of the Nervous System. 1977;38(12 Pt 2):21-24.

Lewis JA, Young R. Deanol and methylphenidate in minimal brain dysfunction. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1975;17(5):534-540.

Lindeboom SF, Lakke JP. Deanol and physostigmine in the treatment of L-dopa-induced dyskinesias. Acta Neurologica Scandanavia. 1978;58(2):134-138.

Lohr J, Acara M. Effect of dimethylaminoethanol, an inhibitor of betaine production, on the disposition of choline in the rat kidney. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1990;252(1):154-158.

Marsh GR, Linnoila M. The effects of deanol on cognitive performance and electrophysiology in elderly humans. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 1979;66(1):99-104.

McGrath JJ, Soares KV. Cholinergic medication for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Systematic Review. 2000;(2):CD000207.

Miller E. Dimethylaminoethanol in the treatment of blepharospasm New England Journal of Medicine. 1973;289:697.

Millington WR, McCall AL, Wurtman RJ. Deanol acetamidobenzoate inhibits the blood-brain barrier transport of choline. Annals of Neurology. 1978 Oct;4(4):302-306.

Moeckel GW, Lien YH. Distribution of de novo synthesized betaine in rat kidney: role of renal synthesis on medullary betaine accumulation. American Journal of Physiology. 1997;272(1 Pt 2):F94-F99.

Morissette G, Germain L, Marceau F. The antiwrinkle effect of topical concentrated 2-dimethylaminoethanol involves a vacuolar cytopathology. British Journal of Dermatology. 2007;156(3):433-439.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, Online Edition. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2006. Available at: http://www.pharmacistsletter.com/(S(ulqz3s45omt3ag5 5um4kj345))/home.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=ND.

Pa ge EH, Cook CK, Hater MA, Mueller CA, Grote AA, Mortimer VD. Visual and ocular changes associated with exposure to two tertiary amines. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2003;60(1):69-75.

Penovich P, Morgan JP, Kerzner B, Karch F, Goldblatt D. Double-blind evaluation of deanol in tardive dyskinesia. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1978;239(19):1997-1998.

Peterson LA, Sharabi FM, Long JP, Taylor CA Jr, Barfknecht CF. The antagonism of nicotine-induced cardiovascular responses by DMAE and DEO analogs. European Journal of Pharmacology. 1976;37(2):303-310.

Pinta ER. Deanol in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: a preliminary investigation. Diseases of the Nervous System. 1977;38(3):214-215. Rimland B. Controversies in the treatment of autistic children: vitamin and drug therapy. Journal of Child Neurology. 1988;3 (Suppl):S68-S72.

Rosen MA, Jones RM, Yano Y, Budinger TF. Carbon-11 choline: synthesis, purification, and brain uptake inhibition by 2-dimethylaminoethanol. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1985;26(12):1424-1428.

Sergio W. Use of DMAE (2-dimethylaminoethanol) in the induction of lucid dreams. Medical Hypotheses. 1988;26(4):255-257. Siegers CP, Younes M. Influence of 2-dimethylaminoethanol on the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol in rats and mice. [Article in German] Arzneimittelforschung. 1979;29(3):520-523.

Simpson GM, Voitashevsky A, Young MA, Lee JH. Deanol in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 1977;52(3):257-261.

Soares KV, McGrath JJ. The treatment of tardive dyskinesia--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research. 1999;39(1):1-18.

Stafford JR, Fann WE. Deanol acetamidobenzoate (Deaner) in tardive dyskinesia. Diseases of the Nervous System. 1977;38(12 Pt 2):3-6.

Tammenmaa IA, Sailas E, McGrath JJ, Soares-Weiser K, Wahlbeck K. Systematic review of cholinergic drugs for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology, Biology and Psychiatry. 2004;28(7):1099-1107.

Tamminga CA, Smith RC, Ericksen SE, Chang S, Davis JM. Cholinergic influences in tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1977;134(7):769-774.

Tarsy D, Bralower M. Deanol acetamidobenzoate treatment in choreiform movement disorders. Archives of Neurology. 1977;34(12):756-758.

Taylor P, Brown JH. Acetylcholine. In: Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Fisher SK, Albers RW, Uhler MD, eds. Basic Neurochemistry. Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. Sixth Edition. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 1999.

Tegeler J, Woller W. Therapeutic measures in tardive dyskinesia. [Article in German] Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1983;51(6):203-226.

Uhoda I, Faska N, Robert C, Cauwenbergh G, Pierard GE. Split face study on the cutaneous tensile effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) gel. Skin Research Technology. 2002;8(3):164-167.

Waite KA, Vance DE. Dimethylethanolamine does not prevent liver failure in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-deficient mice fed a choline-deficient diet. Biochimica at Biophysica Acta. 2004;1636(2-3):175-182.

Zahniser NR, Chou D, Hanin I. Is 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) indeed a precursor of brain acetylcholine? A gas chromatographic evaluation. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1977;200(3):545-559.

Updated July 18, 2008

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Note: The above information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not meant to indicate that the use of the product is safe, appropriate, or effective for you.

In general, herbal products are not subject to review or approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They are not required to be standardized, meaning that the amounts of active ingredients or contaminants they contain may vary between brands or between different batches of the same brand. Not all of the risks, side effects, or interactions associated with the use of herbal products are known because few reliable studies of their use in humans have been done.

This information is provided for your education only. Please share this information with your healthcare provider and be sure that you talk to your doctor and pharmacist about all the prescription and non-prescription medicines you take before you begin to use any herbal product.

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